Hi, I'm Isaac

Protocol Engineer & Security Researcher

Prev: Software Engineer @Cloover, @MarketConnect

Currently exploring cryptographic mathematics toward elliptic curves, BLS12-381 pairings, ZK proof systems, and Lean Ethereum. I enjoy building with rust, and love everything blockchain, and I write good stories about them too.

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Publications and Articles

Technical writing, research, and EPF wiki contributions.

The Ethereum Beacon Chain as a State Machine — I wrote about how the Ethereum's consensus layer works under the hood, walking through the BeaconState object, slot-by-slot state transitions, block and epoch processing, and how the architecture evolved from Phase 0 to Fulu. It is published on Hackernoon
History Expiry In Ethereum — This article is published in Ethereum Protocol fellowship wiki. It talks about why Ethereum nodes shouldn't store historical data forever, covering EIP-4444's pruning approach, the eth/69 DevP2P handshake changes, EIP-7801 bitmask subprotocol, ERA files, Portal Network, and how EIP-6110 resolved the deposit log dependency blocking it all
Is Uniswap V3’s Bit Manipulation a Clever Optimization or Over-Engineering? — I wrote about how Uniswap V3 packs 256 tick states into a single storage slot and uses bitwise masking, XOR flips, and binary search to find liquidity in constant steps, plus the tradeoffs around security, readability, and whether the optimization still makes sense on L2s
How Aave Uses the Binomial Theorem to Calculate Compound Interest — I broke down how Aave V3 avoids expensive on-chain exponentiation by using a three-term binomial theorem approximation to calculate compound interest in order to save gas.
Portal Network — It talks about how the Portal Network replaces Ethereum's old light client model with a decentralized DHT where every node adds capacity, covering the sub-protocol architecture, XOR-based content distribution, radius-controlled storage, and how it enables lightweight access to historical, state, and beacon chain data soon
Russell's Paradox, or Why You Cannot Just Define a Set However You Want — It talks about how Russell's Paradox shaped the rules of self-reference, from ZFC set theory to Rust's type system, Solidity's reentrancy guards, ZK circuit compilers, and why every system that models collections has to decide how much it lets things describe themselves
Building Sagon's ERC-4337 Paymaster Architecture — This article talks about how Sagon's ERC-4337 paymaster lets users pay gas in stablecoins instead of ETH, it covers the full Account Abstraction flow, oracle-based gas pricing, frontrunning prevention through pre-deposits, and batched token-to-ETH conversion via Uniswap V2

Open Source and Projects

Things I've built and contributed to

Sagon — A Gas-optimized airdrop contract written with Huff assembly and EIP-4337 Account Abstraction paymaster for stablecoin gas payment
Tradon — RWA lending and borrowing protocol built to solve border-trader financing and payment issues in emerging markets
EPF Wiki Contributions — Multiple merged articles on protocol studies covering consensus, history expiry, and Portal network
HashHouse — Blockchain security vulnerability reporting and research platform
CapMoney Security Articles — Smart contract vulnerability analyses that covers liquidation bug, fee splitting, and interest rate exploit vulnerabilities in Capmoney
Student Builders Africa — I created a community to connect African university students who are builders, so they can network, grow and share knowledge. It is primarily a whatsapp community

Get In Touch

You can find me on GitHub LinkedIn Twitter or reach me via email.